Infertility diagnosis, IVF (in vitro fertilization), IUI (Intrauterine insemination), Test Tube Baby
Fertility investigations – Focus on sperm, ovarian functions and tubal patency
- Male semen analysis
- Hormone evaluation: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin, and Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
- Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): to investigate the patency of uterine tubes
- Pelvic ultrasound examination
The extent of investigations varies between individuals. More advanced check-ups, such as hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, may be required in some cases.
Apart from the use of artificial enhanced fertilization technology, pregnancy can be achieved by a more natural way that involves the use of transvaginal ultrasound and injection to induce ovulation. The development of follicles is examined by ultrasound. When the ovum is mature, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is injected to induce ovulation. Although this treatment is less invasive, it is only suitable for female with at least one side of patent fallopian tube and able to ovulate.
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Fertility treatment
The following treatments will be suggested under different circumstances:
- Timed intercourse
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
- Preimplantation diagnosis
- In vitro fertilization (IVF)
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
- Sperm: Physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection (PICSI)
- Blastocyst culture
- Embryo glue
- Assisted hatching
- Ovarian tissue cryopreservation
- Egg cryopreservation
- Sperm cryopreservation
- Embryo cryopreservation
- Sperm and egg donation
- Surgical sperm retrieval: PESA, MESA, TESE
- Reproductive immunology

